Biomarker

Although tobacco smoking has been shown to be significantly associated with many CRDs, evidence linking secondhand tobacco smoke exposure to different CRDs is inconsistent, especially with low levels of SHS exposure. Research on the health effects of SHS exposure pose a particular challenge due to the tools used to measure SHS exposure. For example, it has been shown that self-report of SHS exposure can be inaccurate, frequently underestimating SHS exposure. One type of measurement tool designed to increase the accuracy of a subject’s SHS exposure, particularly at low levels of SHS exposure, are biomarkers of tobacco smoke exposure. Thus, robust studies investigating associations between SHS exposure and CRDs frequently include both self-report as well as objective biomarker measurements to verify or quantify such exposures. The two most recent incarnations of the NHANES series, the NHANES III and the continuous NHANES, include serum biomarker data of tobacco smoke exposure which create both significant advantages as well as complications for research using data from this study. We review both NHANES studies regarding survey design and data available. John D. Clark III, Utilization of the National Health and Nutrition Examination (NHANES) Survey for Symptoms, Tests, and Diagnosis of Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Assessment of Second hand Smoke Exposure. Journal Article is sometimes called a Scientific Article, a Peer-Reviewed Article, or a Scholarly Research Article. Together, journal articles in a particular field are often referred to as The Literature. Journal articles are most often Primary Research Articles. However, they can also be Review Articles. These types of articles have different aims and requirements. Sometimes, an article describes a new tool or method. Because articles in scientific journals are specific, meticulously cited and peer-reviewed, journal databases are the best place to look for information on previous research on your species. Without a background in the field, journal articles may be hard to understand - however, you do not need to understand an entire article to be able to get valuable information from it.

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Last date updated on April, 2024