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Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP)

RFLPs based molecular markers are amongst the first generation molecular markers used for many animal and plant genome mapping projects.This technique is based on digesting genomic DNA with a certain restriction enzymes and followed by southern blotting.Due to mutation there is a chance of gain or loss of restriction sites. As a result when homologous chromosomes are digested with restriction enzymes, electrophoresis and probed fragment length polymorphism is obtained. RFLPs are so sensitive that it can detect single- nucleotide mutations, deletions or insertions of DNA fragments of very small number of base pairs (1-100bp). Rearrangements of DNA on large chromosomal fragments can also be detected by RFLPs. RFLPs are well known for its robustness and accuracy in genotyping.

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