ISSN: 2329-6879

Occupational Medicine & Health Affairs
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  • Research Article   
  • Occup Med Health Aff 2018, Vol 6(1): 270
  • DOI: 10.4172/2329-6879.1000270

The Impact of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Daytime Sleepiness on Work Performance: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study in a North African Population

Sameh Msaad1,2*, Nessrine Kammoun3, Mounira Hajjaji2,3, Nesrine Kallel1, Najla Bahloul1,2, Selma Rekik2, Jihene Benthabet4, Mohamed Larbi Masmoudi2,3, Ilhem Yangui1,2 and Samy Kammoun1,2
1Department of Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine, Hedi Chaker University Hospital of Sfax, , Tunisia
2Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
3Department of Occupational Medicine, Hedi Chaker University Hospital of Sfax, , Tunisia
4Department of Psychiatry, Hedi Chaker University Hospital of Sfax, , Tunisia
*Corresponding Author : Sameh Msaad, Department of Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine, Hedi Chaker University Hospital of Sfax, Tunisia, Tel: 216 94 977 355, Email: msaadsameh@yahoo.fr

Received Date: Jan 15, 2018 / Accepted Date: Jan 22, 2018 / Published Date: Feb 05, 2018

Abstract

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) has been shown to be associated with many serious health conditions. The impact on occupational health is still unclear as it was scarcely studied.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the association of work performance with OSAHS and daytime sleepiness.
Methods: A cross-transversal study was conducted including Tunisian active adult subjects referred for suspected sleep disordered breathing. All subjects completed the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire (WPAI), and the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ9). They all underwent polygraph testing level 3.
Result: One hundred thirty-nine subjects completed the survey, including 107 (77%) blue-collar workers, and 32 (23%) white-collar workers. Participants were classified as following: 50 patients with apnea hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 30 and 89 with AHI <30. Among the four outcomes of the WPAI scale, only presenteeism was associated with AHI (p=0.012). A significant association has been found between daytime sleepiness and three outcomes of WPAI. Sleepy patients with ESS ≥ 11 had lower work performance in terms of presenteeism (42.46 ± 28.40 vs. 24.71 ± 24.77 p=0.0001), absenteeism (12.26 ± 25.51 vs. 6.05 ± 18.32, p=0.101), overall work productivity loss (47.43 ± 31.65 vs. 26.58 ± 28.47, p= 0.0001), and decline in activity (46.67 ± 30.75 vs. 32.14 ± 27.02, p=0.004) in comparison with non-sleepy participants. A strong correlation of presenteeism and overall work productivity loss scores with ESS was demonstrated among white-collar workers (r=0.624, p=0.0001; r=0.602, p=0.0001 respectively). PHQ9 score was significantly higher in sleepy subjects (p=0.0001). Near miss accidents in the workplace and work related accidents were significantly more frequent in those with ESS ≥ 11 (p=0.012, p=0.026; respectively).
Conclusion: The most relevant finding of this study was the involvement of daytime sleepiness in performance impairment, while the impact of AHI was less clear.

Keywords: Sleep apnea syndromes; Work performance; Depression

Citation: Msaad S, Kammoun N, Hajjaji M, Kalle N, Bahloul N, et al. (2018) The Impact of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Daytime Sleepiness on Work Performance: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study in a North African Population. Occup Med Health Aff 6: 270. Doi: 10.4172/2329-6879.1000270

Copyright: © 2018 Msaad S, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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