Agriculture involves rearing and cultivation of animals, plants, fungi and other edible items to suffice for the food requirements of animals and humans. On the other hand, aquaculture corresponds to the farming of fishes, crustaceans, aquatic plants and algae in controlled fresh water and marine water bodies. Agricultural and aqua-cultural research encompasses the study and application of basic concepts and technological inventions in the field of agronomy, plant breeding, application of pesticides, fertilizers and other agrochemicals, fish farming, algaculture, aquaponics, commercial fishing and mariculture. The contemporary research practices in the field of agriculture and aquaculture specifically highlights selective breeding, animal welfare, isolation and clinical applications of in vivo generated antibiotics and growth hormones and genetically modified food items.