ISSN: 2155-6105

Journal of Addiction Research & Therapy
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  • Research Article   
  • J Addict Res Ther 2018, Vol 9(1): 355
  • DOI: 10.4172/2155-6105.1000355

Urine Samples Tampering Pattern for Drugs of Abuse Testing: Experience of the Saudi Arabia Poison Control Centers

Ahmed R Ragab1,2*, Raed A Al-khayyal1, Fawaz A Al-Mousa1 and Ahmed F Bahriz3
1Ministry of Health, , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
2Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
3Department of Pharmacology, Banha University, Qulybiya, Egypt
*Corresponding Author : Ahmed R Ragab, General Directorate of Poison Control , Centers Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Tel: 966540990033 , Email: ahmedrefat1973@yahoo.com

Received Date: Jul 26, 2017 / Accepted Date: Dec 04, 2017 / Published Date: Dec 11, 2017

Abstract

Recently, urine substance of abuse (SOA) testing in the pre-employment/workplace and suspected SOA settings has become common in many countries all over the world. There have been multiple published research recommending the performance of the urine sample validity test (SVT) for substance of abuse testing administered in the pre-employment/workplace and suspected SOA settings. On the opposite side, very little researches focusing on variable procedures of urine adulteration in (SOA) testing process, including diluted, substituted, adulterated, and invalid tests. The current research investigated 7985 submitted urine drug test samples for sample validity test from pre-employment/workplace and suspected SOA settings in Saudi Arabia over one year. All preliminary immunoassay screen-positive urine sample drug tests were confirmed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/mass spectrophotometry. This article found that the prevalence of tampering (diluted, substituted, or invalid tests) in urine samples from the pre-employment/workplace and suspected settings were 0.87% and 0.69%, respectively. The percentage of diluted, substituted, adulterated and invalid urine specimens from the pre-employment/workplace and suspected cases were 75%, 21.4%, 1.7%, 1.7% and 63.6%, 36.4%, 0%, 0% respectively. The most common substance of abuse detected from the pre-employment/workplace and suspected specimens were cannabis, followed by amphetamines. We recommend that all urine samples taken for substance of abuse testing from both the pre-employment/workplace and suspected settings need to be investigated for validity.

Keywords: Substances of abuse tests; Adulterant agents; Pseudonegative results

Citation: Ragab AR, Al-khayyal RA, Al-Mousa FA, Bahriz AF (2017) Urine Samples Tampering Pattern for Drugs of Abuse Testing: Experience of the Saudi Arabia Poison Control Centers. J Addict Res Ther 8: 355. Doi: 10.4172/2155-6105.1000355

Copyright: ©2017 Ragab AR, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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