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Evolution of Drug Utilization in Nursing Homes in Belgium
In 2005, the PHEBE study highlighted the problem of polypharmacy and the emerging use of psychotropic medication in nursing home residents (PHEBE 1). In 2011, new collected data were compared (PHEBE 2). The total mean number of prescriptions in PHEBE 1 was 8.4, containing a mean of 7.6 for chronic medication only. For PHEBE 2 .. Read More
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Background: The policy governing the treatment of malaria in Nigeria was changed in 2005 instituting the Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapies [ACTs] as first-line Drugs instead of Chloroquine due to rapidly developing resistance of Plasmodium falciparum. Methodology: The tolerability to [ACTs] was assessed in patients using.. Read More
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Hypertension is an important worldwide public-health challenge because of its high frequency and risk factor for cerebrovascular, cardiovascular and kidney disease. Drug therapy problems are a significant challenge to health care providers. It severely compromises the effectiveness of treatment making this a critical issue in po.. Read More
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Synthetic Biodegradable Polymers Used in Controlled Drug Delivery System: An Overview
Polymers are becoming increasingly important in the field of drug delivery. The pharmaceutical applications of polymers range from their use as binders in tablets to viscosity and flow controlling agents in liquids, suspensions and emulsions. Use of polymer is now extended to controlled release and targeting drug delivery system.. Read More
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The Pharmacology of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a common respiratory complication of critical severe illness or injury. Despite steady improvement in outcomes over the last three decades, ARDS remains a common cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric and adult intensive care units. Due to its extensive burden, ARDS has been t.. Read More
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Neuroblastoma in the Adult: Which Therapy is Effective?
The examination of a twenty-eight-year-old male patient with lower back pain revealed a mass that extended through the spinal canal at the L1-L2 level and exhibited left paravertebral extension which was indistinguishable from the psoas muscle. Neuroblastoma was diagnosed after performing a biopsy. The disease progressed in that.. Read More
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Activation of renin angiotensin system is implicated in insulin resistance. In mega trials, it has been suggested that angiotensin receptor blockers may be beneficial on insulin sensitivity in hypertensive patients. We conducted a multicenter, open-label, parallel-group trial to compare the effects of olmesartan and valsartan on.. Read More
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Macromolecular Design of Platinum Drug Conjugates
Cisplatin and its analogues display common drawbacks such as unfavorable toxicological profile, short blood circulation time and non-specific bio-distribution. Besides that, in biological fluids cisplatin is inactivated by nitrogenand sulphur-containing biomolecules. Drug conjugation to a water soluble polymer is a feasible appr.. Read More
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Biological Effects of the Plasticizer Tris (2-Ethylhexyl) Trimellitate
Objectives: An alternative plasticizer, tris (2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate (TOTM), was developed from di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) for use in medical tubing. However, little is known about the biological effects of TOTM and thus its safety is not yet well-established. We investigated the leachability of TOTM from TOTM-plasti.. Read More
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Therapeutic Targets for Diabetes Mellitus: An Update
Diabetes mellitus is a common form of metabolic disorder where level of blood glucose in the bloodstream raises high, because of deficiency of insulin and development of insulin resistance in diabetic individuals. It is categorize under modern age life style disorder, commonly affected by middle-aged people and the children in a.. Read More
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Background: Increased oxidant stress plays an important role in the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease. Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) is an important anti-oxidant that protects hemoglobin as demonstrated in diseases such as methemoglobinemia. Early in-vitro studies have shown that L-glutamine, a precursor for NAD, .. Read More
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Antidepressant-like Activity of Andrographis paniculata in Type-2 Diabetic Rats
Pharmacological observations suggesting antidepressants-like efficacy of a medicinally used Andrographis paniculata extract (AP) in type-2 diabetic are presented in this communication. Efficacies of 10 daily oral doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/day AP and 15 mg/kg/day imipramine were compared in behavioral despair and learned hel.. Read More
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Perspective of Andrographis paniculata in Neurological Disorders
Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Wall. Ex Nees (Acanthaceae) is a labdane diterpinoids rich medicinal plant. Andrographolide is quantitatively the major bioactive secondary metabolite present in this herb. In Ayurveda, Andrographis paniculata is classified as a Rasayana herb. Several pre-clinical and well-controlled clinical t.. Read More
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Yucca gloriosa (Agavaceae) is used in Indian traditional medicine as an antiallergic drug. The ethanol extract was prepared with aerial parts of Yucca gloriosa (YGE). Gloriosaol isomeric mixtures (GLM) are isolated from the extract, structurally confirmed FIA-MS/MS. Both YGE and GLM are evaluated against ovalbumin-induced airway.. Read More
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Estrogenic Effect of Soy Phytoestrogens on the Uterus of Ovariectomized Female Rats
Objectives: Phytoestrogens exert variety of actions involving many target tissues. The effects of dietary phytoestrogens, as hormonal replacement therapy (HRT), on the level of estradiol receptor alpha (ERα), estradiol receptor beta (ERβ) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in uterine tissues of ovariectomiz.. Read More
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Alternative Options to Manage Menopausal Symptoms with a Focus on Melatonin and Osteoporosis
Many menopausal women are seeking symptomatic relief from hot flushes, irritability, sleep disturbances, anxiety and depression, and to prevent bone loss. Instead of pharmaceutical approaches, many women are opting for alternative modalities such as yoga, meditation and natural products. Melatonin is a molecule released from the.. Read More
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Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder in which patients not only suffer from joint misery but also face its associated depression. Objectives: To evaluate the anti-arthritic effects of leflunomide (5 mg.kg-1.day-1) and meloxicam (5 mg.kg-1.day-1) when given together on progression of rheumatoid arthritis a.. Read More
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Prostate cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed non-dermatologic malignancy among American men and the 6th most fatal cancer worldwide. Open field radical prostatectomy is the gold standard procedure for treatment of prostate cancer. Yet, several novel methodologies have been emerging lately, promising to be mini-invasive,.. Read More
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The Effect of Caffeine and Choline Combinations on Short-term Visual and Auditory Memory
The purpose of this randomized control trial was to determine whether choline in combination with several doses of caffeine, could facilitate short-term visual and verbal memory and attention in adult and middle aged human subjects with normal cognitive function. The effects of several doses of caffeine in combination with choli.. Read More
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Antidepressant Tolerability and Potential Clinical Implications of Serotonin-2A Receptor Genotypes
Despite the development of new therapeutic agents for the treatment of mood disorders, drug tolerability remains a major barrier to effective treatment for many patients. Pharmacogenomic studies aim to identify genetic markers that moderate drug response and tolerability, with the intention that this information will aid in drug.. Read More
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