Toxicology: Open Access
Open Access

Drug-Induced Liver Injury; Drug-Induced Kidney Injury; Cardiotoxicity; Neurotoxicity; Skin Reactions; Herbal Medicines; Ototoxicity; Pulmonary Toxicity; E-Cigarettes; Environmental Pollutants

Introduction

Acetaminophen overdose is a frequent cause of drug-induced liver injury [1].

A review delves into the mechanisms of drug-induced kidney injury, pinpointing specific drugs and their toxic effects on renal cells [2].

Chemotherapy drugs have cardiotoxic effects, impacting cardiac function [3].

Environmental pollutants correlate with neurodegenerative diseases [4].

Drug-induced skin reactions are explored, covering types, causes, and diagnostic approaches [5].

Herbal medicines and dietary supplements can cause liver injury [6].

The ototoxic effects of medications are reviewed, discussing mechanisms and prevention of hearing loss [7].

Biomarkers enable early detection of drug-induced liver injury [8].

Drug-induced pulmonary toxicity is overviewed, detailing specific drugs, mechanisms, and strategies [9].

The toxicological effects of e-cigarettes are assessed, impacting various organ systems [10].

These studies highlight the diverse ways that drugs and environmental factors can negatively impact human health. Understanding the mechanisms behind these toxicities is crucial for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies. From liver and kidney damage to cardiac and neurological effects, the research underscores the importance of careful monitoring and management of potential toxic exposures. The use of biomarkers for early detection, as well as the investigation into the effects of emerging threats like e-cigarettes, are vital steps in protecting public health. Ultimately, a comprehensive approach that includes both preventative measures and targeted therapies is needed to mitigate the risks associated with drug-induced and environmentally-induced toxicities. These studies contribute to a growing body of knowledge that informs clinical practice and public health policy, aiming to minimize harm and improve patient outcomes. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the long-term consequences of these toxic exposures and to develop innovative strategies for prevention and treatment. The ongoing investigation into the mechanisms of toxicity, as well as the exploration of new biomarkers and therapeutic interventions, will continue to drive progress in this important field. By fostering collaboration between researchers, clinicians, and policymakers, we can work towards a future where the risks associated with drug-induced and environmentally-induced toxicities are minimized, and the health and well-being of individuals and communities are protected.

Description

Drug-induced liver injury is a significant concern, with acetaminophen overdose being a common culprit [1]. This underscores the need to understand the mechanisms of hepatotoxicity and develop effective therapeutic interventions. Similarly, drug-induced kidney injury, explored in another review, highlights specific drugs and their toxic effects on renal cells [2]. The clinical presentations and pathophysiology of kidney injury require careful consideration for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Cancer therapies, while life-saving, can induce cardiotoxicity, impacting cardiac function [3]. Identifying specific agents and preventative strategies is crucial for minimizing cardiac damage in cancer patients. Neurotoxicity, often linked to environmental chemicals, is another area of concern, potentially contributing to neurodegenerative diseases [4]. Investigating exposure pathways and mechanisms is essential for protecting neurological health. Drug-induced skin reactions, with their diverse types and causative drugs, demand effective diagnostic approaches for appropriate management [5].

Herbal medicines and dietary supplements, often perceived as safe, can also induce liver injury, emphasizing the importance of accurate diagnosis [6]. Ototoxicity, resulting from various medications, can lead to hearing loss, necessitating strategies for prevention [7]. The early detection of drug-induced liver injury through biomarkers is vital for timely intervention and improved patient outcomes [8]. Drug-induced pulmonary toxicity requires careful diagnosis and therapeutic strategies [9].

Finally, the toxicological effects of e-cigarettes, a relatively new concern, require assessment of their impact on various organ systems and potential long-term health consequences [10]. These studies collectively highlight the diverse ways in which drugs and environmental factors can negatively affect human health, underscoring the importance of ongoing research and vigilance in protecting public health. Understanding these mechanisms is essential to prevent and manage related health issues.

Conclusion

The provided data encompasses a range of studies and reviews focusing on various types of drug-induced and environmentally-induced toxicities. One study investigates acetaminophen-induced liver injury, a common cause of drug-related liver damage, exploring the underlying mechanisms and potential treatments. Another review examines drug-induced kidney injury, identifying specific drugs and their toxic effects on renal cells. The cardiotoxic effects of chemotherapy drugs are also addressed, with a focus on specific agents and their impact on cardiac function, as well as potential preventative measures. The neurotoxic effects of environmental pollutants and their link to neurodegenerative diseases are explored, emphasizing exposure pathways and mechanisms. Drug-induced skin reactions are analyzed, covering different types of reactions, causative drugs, and diagnostic approaches for effective management. Liver injury caused by herbal medications and dietary supplements is also examined, highlighting the importance of accurate diagnosis. A review discusses the ototoxic effects of various medications, including underlying mechanisms and strategies for preventing hearing loss. The use of biomarkers for early detection of drug-induced liver injury is explored as a means to enable timely intervention and improve patient outcomes. An overview of drug-induced pulmonary toxicity details specific drugs, mechanisms of lung injury, and diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Finally, the toxicological effects of e-cigarettes are assessed, evaluating the impact of vaping on various organ systems and potential long-term health consequences.

References

1. Eunike Y, Zaheer-Ud-Din B, Hamza C (2016) An Update on Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity.Gut Liver 10:15-34.

   Indexed at, Google Scholar, Crossref

2. James S, Lia HK, Jose A, (2019) Drug-induced kidney injury: clinical presentations and pathophysiology.Clin Biochem Rev 40:49-60.

   Indexed at, Google Scholar, Crossref

3. Filipe C, Valentina M, João SR (2021) Cardiotoxicity induced by cancer therapy: an updated review.ESC Heart Fail 8:808-822.

   Indexed at, Google Scholar, Crossref

4. Lucio GC, Raquel G, Tara BC (2022) Neurotoxicity of environmental chemicals and neurodegenerative diseases: a challenging and evolving interface.Toxicology 476:153265.

   Indexed at, Google Scholar, Crossref

5. Rachel MW, Hayley JB, Jasmin N (2022) Drug-Induced Skin Reactions.J Allergy Clin Immunol 149:1859-1870.

   Indexed at, Google Scholar, Crossref

6. Lisa A, Alessandro G, Julie N (2020) Herbal Medicines and Dietary Supplements–Induced Liver Injury.Hepatology 72:1794-1808.

   Indexed at, Google Scholar, Crossref

7. Joshua DS, Joseph JJ, Amy JC (2023) Ototoxicity: A Review.J Clin Med 12:221.

   Indexed at, Google Scholar, Crossref

8. Guruprasad PA, Paul BW, Raquel JA (2017) Biomarkers for early detection of drug-induced liver injury.Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2:600-608.

   Indexed at, Google Scholar, Crossref

9. Philippe C, Alain F, Philippe B (2004) Drug-induced and iatrogenic pneumonitis.Clin Chest Med 25:479-519.

   Indexed at, Google Scholar, Crossref

10. Natasha B, Rohit G, Aruni B (2021) E-cigarette Toxicity.Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 320:L387-L401.

    Indexed at, Google Scholar, Crossref