ISSN: 2155-6105

Journal of Addiction Research & Therapy
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  • Mini Review   
  • J Addict Res Ther , Vol 11(4)
  • DOI: 10.4172/2155-6105.1000396

Effects of Gestational usage of Re-creational Cannabis

Akhila Reddy Vellanki*
Department of Biotechnology, A.V College, Osmania University, Telangana, India
*Corresponding Author: Akhila Reddy Vellanki, Department of Biotechnology, A.V College, Osmania University, Telangana, India

Received: 23-Jun-2020 / Accepted Date: 24-Jul-2020 / Published Date: 01-Aug-2020 DOI: 10.4172/2155-6105.1000396

Abstract

As more states and nations legitimized the clinical and recreational usage of Cannabis, this improved the usage of weed among the youth in addition youngsters progressively see cannabis as harmless, weed arrangements have been developing in strength as of late, possibly making worldwide clinical, general wellbeing, and workforce concerns. It is also showing an incremental effect on pregnant women and their neonates leading to the development of prenatal cannabis exposure (PCE)

Not at all like foetal liquor range issue, there is no phenotypic condition related with PCE. There is likewise no prevalence of proof that PCE causes deep rooted intellectual, conduct, or useful variations from the norm, or potentially defencelessness to resulting compulsion. But this could potentially end up in prevalent and also associated with adverse neonatal outcomes. Future investigations ought to survey the gestational age and recurrence of cannabis exposure followed by legitimization.

In this review we will be reviewing the effects and outcomes of cannabis usage in both gestational women and their prenatal.

Keywords: Cannabis; Neonatal health; Maternal health; Pregnancy

Introduction

The potentiality of cannabis was found to be readily crossing the placenta and was detected in the breast feed and potentially causing effects in the foetus and the neonate [1]. However the observational studies investigating this issue is facing many challenges due to polysubstance usage and under reported prenatal cannabis usage due to fear of repercussions and social stigma [1,2]. Large amount of data suggests that the attitude of recreational usage of cannabis are hiking up the potential impact on gestational women and their children [3].

A systemic study conducted in 2016 [4] clearly examined the effect of cannabis on birth weight and reported the remarkable effect on birth weight were both mean birth weights and the percentage of infants at low birth weight (LBW; defined as 2.2kg or 5.5 lbs). The study also found that intrauterine exposure to cannabis is associated with a decrease in birth weight among the infants exposed cannabis compared to those who never exposed to cannabis.

Blended discoveries about a relationship in with cannabis use happened in investigations of accelerate work and the manual evacuation of the placenta. No affiliations were found between in utero presentation to cannabis and the accompanying wellbeing results: rupture of membranes, maternal diabetes, duration of labor, premature onset of labor, placental abruption, secondary arrest of labor, use of prenatal care, elevated blood pressure, maternal bleeding after 20 weeks, antepartum or postpartum hemorrhage, hyperemesis gravidarum, maternal weight gain, maternal postnatal issues, hormone concentrations or duration of maternal hospital stay [4].

Budde et al, Leemaqz et al and Warshak et al [5-7] conducted further studies and these studies examined the association between cannabis exposure and the development of outcomes such as anemia, precipitate labor, manual removal of the placenta, etc.,

Discussion

There are no proper evidences yet to prove that exposure of cannabis is leading to one particular problem this is rising due to the unreported usage of cannabis and poly substance usage. This could be explained by few of the research findings of Leemaqz et al [6] who conducted a study on 313 while Warshak et al [7] conducted a study 4892 pregnant women and all these women who used cannabis during their gestation. But these studies failed to identify any significant association between exposure to cannabis and gestational diabetes or preeclampsia or gestational hypertension.

But Budde etal [5], succeeded to find significant relation between the usage of cannabis and placental abruption.

Conclusion

However most of the studies failed to show a exact evidences of cannabis causing effects in prenatal, neonates and mother but there are finding that supports the a significance that exists a normal gestation and a gestation exposed to the weed, this could happen because of minute changes that are being taken place in the hormonal levels and their genetic makeup.

References

  1. Metz TD, Stickrath EH. (2015) Marijuana use in pregnancy and lactation: a review of the evidence. Am J Obstet Gynecol 213:761–78.
  2. Gunn JK, Rosales CB, Center KE, Nunez A, Gibson SJ, et al. (2016) Prenatal exposure to cannabis and maternal and child health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 6: e009986
  3. Conner SN, Bedell V, Lipsey K, Macones GA, Cahill AG, et al. (2016) Maternal marijuana use and adverse neonatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol 128:713–23.
  4. Gunn JKL, Rosales CB, Center KE, Nunez A, Gibson SJ, et al. (2016) Prenatal exposure to cannabis and maternal and child health outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 6(4):e009986.
  5. Budde MP, De Lange TE, Dekker GA, Chan A, Nguyen AMT. (2007) Risk factors for placental abruption in a socio-economically disadvantaged region. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 20(9):687–693.
  6. Leemaqz SY, Dekker GA, McCowan LM, Kenny LC, Myers JE, etal. (2016) Maternal marijuana use has independent effects on risk for spontaneous preterm birth but not other common late pregnancy complications. Reproductive Toxicology 62:77–86.
  7. Warshak CR, Regan J, Moore B, Magner K, Kritzer S, Van Hook J. (2015) Association between marijuana use and adverse obstetrical and neonatal outcomes. J Perinatol 35(12):991–995.

Citation: Akhila VR (2020) Effects of Gestational usage of Re-creational Cannabis. J Addict Res Ther 11:396 DOI: 10.4172/2155-6105.1000396

Copyright: © 2020 Akhila VR. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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