Abstract

The vesicular drug delivery system such as liposomes, niosomes, invasomes, transferosomes, and pharmacosomes are used to improve the drug bioavailability by encapsulating an active medicament inside the vesicles. The vesicular drug delivery system can improve drug bioavailability of poorly absorbed drugs, improve solubility, reduce the cost of therapy, reduce the dose of drug administered, and reduce side effects. Both hydrophilic, as well as lipophilic drugs can be incorporated into vesicles. Vesicles can be incorporated into the different pharmaceutical formulations as oral, topical, and transdermal. In recent, Nikkosome® PV-PF is the natural vesicles forming agent with the excellent promotion of transdermal absorption efficacy.