Abstract

Neonatology, a subspecialty of pediatrics, is dedicated to the care of newborn infants, particularly those who are ill or born prematurely. This field has undergone significant advancements in recent decades, with improvements in neonatal intensive care, respiratory support, and infection control contributing to substantial reductions in neonatal mortality. However, disparities in access to neonatal services, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, remain a challenge. This article reviews the key aspects of neonatology, including advances in perinatal care, common neonatal conditions, innovations in technology, and the importance of multidisciplinary teams in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).