Abstract

Biodegradation enzymes play a pivotal role in the natural process of breaking down organic pollutants in the environment. These enzymes, produced by microorganisms, catalyze the transformation of complex compounds into simpler, environmentally benign substances. This review examines the mechanisms of action of biodegradation enzymes, with a focus on their specific roles in breaking down various pollutants such as hydrocarbons, plastics, and agricultural chemicals. Additionally, the applications of these enzymes in environmental bioremediation strategies are explored, highlighting their potential in cleaning polluted ecosystems. Finally, the environmental impacts of enzymebased biodegradation are discussed, emphasizing sustainability, challenges, and future perspectives in advancing enzyme technology for environmental protection.