Abstract

Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) are revolutionizing interactions between the brain and external systems. This collection explores the ethical quandaries of human augmentation and neurotechnology governance, emphasizing identity, privacy, and regulatory needs. It details technological advancements, including human-in-the-loop and adaptive machine learning, closed-loop systems for neurorehabilitation, and real-time fMRI neurofeedback. BCIs show promise for augmenting human cognition, controlling robotics, and fostering human-Artificial Intelligence cognitive symbiosis, while acknowledging significant scientific hurdles and the imperative for responsible innovation. The field demands a balanced approach to realize its potential benefits while mitigating risks.