Abstract

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a powerful and versatile analytical technique widely applied in clinical diagnostics, food analysis, and pharmaceutical research. It excels in high-resolution separation and characterization of biomolecules like proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites. Recent advancements highlight CE’s role in disease diagnosis, food safety, chiral separation, and biomarker discovery. The technique’s integration with mass spectrometry and biosensors, alongside microfluidic platforms, significantly enhances its analytical capabilities for complex samples, metabolomics, and point-of-care testing. This underscores CE’s critical and expanding importance as a robust tool in modern analytical chemistry.