Abstract

Cognitive impairment refers to a decline in mental functions such as memory, reasoning, attention, and decisionmaking, which can interfere with daily life. It ranges from mild forms, where people may experience occasional memory lapses or difficulty concentrating, to severe cases that impact independence, such as dementia. Cognitive impairment can result from various causes, including aging, neurological diseases, head injuries, and mental health conditions. Understanding the different types of cognitive impairment, their underlying causes, and the available treatment options is crucial for managing this condition effectively. Cognitive impairment refers to a decline in mental functions such as memory, attention, reasoning, and decision-making, which can significantly affect daily living. This condition can range from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to more severe forms like dementia, impacting millions of individuals worldwide. MCI serves as an intermediate stage between normal cognitive aging and more serious cognitive decline, while dementia encompasses various disorders characterized by progressive cognitive deterioration, most notably Alzheimer’s disease. The causes of cognitive impairment are diverse and include aging, neurological diseases, traumatic brain injury, mental health conditions, chronic medical issues, and substance abuse.