Abstract

Background: Due to the increasing occurrence of novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among people of different ages around the world, there is an urgent need for an effective medical treatment. Several approaches have been used for controlling and preventing progression of infection in patients, according to their clinical symptoms and laboratory test results in different populations. Exponential growth and poor response to current treatments make it necessary to further examine the novel Coronavirus.

Main body: Here, we presented a brief introduction to the transmission, genomic structure, function, symptoms and clinical tests for COVID-19 in clinics to highlight the most relevant and recent advances in the current approaches for every stage of infection; to evaluate the challenges and opportunities in developing drugs, vaccines and stem cell therapies in clinical trials; and to focus on the role of personalized genomics and medicine in the severity of disease and response to current treatments. The proper selection of a therapeutic option is critical in every stage of infection and can directly affect immune responses to viral infections.

Conclusion: It is necessary for governments, healthcare systems and pharmaceutical companies to concentrate on the use of global communication networks based on population genomics to develop effective drugs and vaccines that can be novel tools for reducing the hospitalization rate and mortality.

Keywords: Coronavirus 2019; Drugs; Vaccines; Stem cell therapy