Abstract

The dynamic relationship between ecology and toxicology plays a pivotal role in understanding the fate and effects of various toxic substances in the environment. This article presents a comprehensive review of the intricate interplay between ecological factors and toxicological impacts, shedding light on the complex interactions that shape the environmental fate of contaminants and their consequences on living organisms. The world's ecosystems are facing unprecedented challenges due to the continuous release of toxic substances into the environment. These pollutants can originate from industrial processes, agricultural practices, urbanization, and natural sources. Understanding the ecological factors influencing the distribution, transformation, and bioaccumulation of these toxicants is crucial for effective environmental management and the protection of human and wildlife health. Highlighting the consequences of toxic exposure, this part of the article discusses the impacts on individual organisms, populations, and entire ecological communities.