Abstract

Epigenetic mechanisms, encompassing DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, profoundly influence biological processes and disease states. These mechanisms are crucial in metabolic disorders, immune regulation, and cancer progression, offering targets for therapeutic interventions. Furthermore, epigenetics plays a significant role in neurodevelopmental conditions, environmental responses, and the aging process, including transgenerational inheritance. The development of epigenetic biomarkers and therapies represents a new frontier for disease diagnosis, prognosis, and precision medicine, moving from fundamental understanding to clinical application and personalized health strategies.