Abstract

Green hydrogen is a cornerstone for the global energy transition, with research detailing advancements across its entire value
chain. Production methods, including evolving electrolysis techniques like alkaline, PEM, solid oxide, and anion exchange membrane electrolysis, along with novel approaches such as seawater and photocatalytic splitting, are being optimized for efficiency and
cost. Challenges in infrastructure, policy support, and industrial integration remain. This body of work comprehensively reviews
green hydrogen’s lifecycle, from generation and storage to diverse applications, alongside its economic, environmental, and social
implications. A focus on circular economy principles guides efforts toward sustainable, widespread adoption.