Abstract

Green hydrogen is critical for sustainable energy systems and industrial decarbonization. Research highlights its potential but also significant challenges in production efficiency, material costs, and scalability, particularly for water electrolysis and PEM technologies. Safe and cost-effective storage and distribution infrastructure remain bottlenecks. Economic viability hinges on reducing electricity and electrolyzer capital costs. Policy support and investment are essential for widespread adoption. The environmental footprint depends on renewable sources and Life Cycle Assessment boundaries, necessitating careful evaluation for a truly sustainable future.