Abstract

Soil contamination by pesticides poses a significant environmental challenge, threatening ecosystem health, agricultural productivity, and human well-being. Biodegradation and bioremediation have emerged as promising strategies to address this issue, offering eco-friendly alternatives to traditional chemical methods. This review explores innovative approaches in the biodegradation and bioremediation of soil pesticides, highlighting recent advancements in microbial techniques, enzyme-based degradation, and genetic engineering. We examine cutting-edge methods such as bioaugmentation, biostimulation, and phytoremediation, which enhance the breakdown of pesticide residues and restore soil quality. Additionally, we discuss the role of microbial communities and their interactions in pesticide degradation, alongside novel technologies such as nanotechnology and bioreactor systems. Emerging trends in the application of these methods are also considered, along with their potential for large-scale implementation. This comprehensive overview emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary research in advancing the field and achieving sustainable soil management practices.