Abstract

The global construction industry is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, with conventional building materials such as cement, steel, and concrete being major culprits due to their energy-intensive production processes. As the impacts of climate change become increasingly urgent, the development and adoption of lowcarbon construction materials have emerged as a crucial strategy for promoting sustainability within the built environment. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of low-carbon alternatives, focusing on innovative materials such as geopolymer concrete, recycled aggregates, bio-based composites, and carbon-sequestering materials like hempcrete and mycelium-based bricks. The study evaluates the environmental performance of these materials using life cycle assessment (LCA) methodologies and compares their carbon footprints with those of traditional materials. Moreover, the paper explores the economic feasibility, durability, and structural performance of these alternatives to determine their practicality for mainstream construction. Case studies from around the world highlight successful implementations of low-carbon materials in residential, commercial, and infrastructure projects. In addition to technical evaluation, the paper discusses policy frameworks, certification schemes, and incentives that can facilitate the widespread adoption of sustainable materials. Challenges such as supply chain limitations, lack of standardization, and industry resistance to change are also critically examined. The research underscores the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration among engineers, architects, policymakers, and environmental scientists to advance low-carbon building practices. By identifying both the opportunities and barriers associated with low-carbon construction materials, this paper aims to provide actionable insights for stakeholders seeking to minimize environmental impact while meeting the growing demand for resilient and eco-friendly infrastructure. The findings reinforce the potential of these materials to transform the construction industry into a more sustainable and climate-conscious sector.