Abstract

Cellular membrane dynamics are fundamental for cell function, involving the actin cytoskeleton, lipid domains, and protein interactions. The cytoskeleton regulates receptor movement and signaling [1, 5, 8], while single-particle tracking elucidates protein behaviors [2]. Lipid rafts and anionic lipid domains organize signaling, and protein clustering enables receptor activation [3, 4, 9]. Internal organelle membranes, like mitochondria, are also shaped by lipid metabolism and dynamic fusion events [6, 7]. These intricate mechanisms, extending to processes like phagocytosis [10], highlight the sophisticated control cells exert over membrane activity, essential for communication, function, and overall cellular health.