Abstract

Molecular plant breeding represents a pivotal advancement in agricultural sciences, leveraging modern genomic tools and techniques to enhance crop breeding strategies. Traditionally, crop improvement relied on phenotypic selection, where breeders selected plants based on observable traits like yield, resistance to diseases, or environmental adaptability. While this approach has been effective over the years, it often involves time-consuming, labor-intensive processes, and may not always yield precise outcomes. The advent of molecular tools, especially DNA markers, has revolutionized the breeding process by providing more accurate, rapid, and targeted methods for improving crop traits.