Abstract

Mucosal disorders are a group of conditions that affect the mucous membranes, which line body cavities such as the mouth, throat, gastrointestinal tract, and genitals. These disorders can manifest as inflammation, infection, autoimmune conditions, or malignancies and often present with symptoms such as pain, lesions, swelling, and changes in mucosal integrity. Mucosal disorders can significantly affect an individual's daily life, particularly in the case of oral or genital involvement, where symptoms may impair functions like eating, speaking, or swallowing. Accurate diagnosis and timely treatment are essential to mitigate symptoms, prevent complications, and improve patients' quality of life. This article provides a detailed review of common mucosal disorders, their causes, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and current treatment approaches.