Abstract

Nurses are critical in disaster response, requiring comprehensive preparedness. Research confirms simulation programs effec tively boost nursing students’ knowledge, self-efficacy, and confidence [C001]. Systematic reviews highlight varied preparedness levels globally, often due to insufficient training and resources, especially in Asian countries [C002]. Studies emphasize the need for standardized interventions, improved communication [C004], and continuous training to enhance skills and confidence [C005]. Core competencies [C003], ethical dilemmas [C006], and psychological impacts [C007] are crucial aspects for nurses. Digital technolo gies [C008] and community-based programs [C009] are vital for improving response, alongside adopting adaptable, context-sensitive global strategies [C010].