Abstract

Osteonecrosis, also known as avascular necrosis (AVN), is a condition in which the bone tissue dies due to a lack of blood supply. This condition can affect any bone in the body but is most commonly seen in the hip, knee, and shoulder. Osteonecrosis can occur as a result of trauma, prolonged use of corticosteroids, alcohol consumption, or certain medical conditions such as sickle cell disease and lupus. Early stages of osteonecrosis May not present obvious symptoms, but as the condition progresses, it can lead to joint pain, dysfunction, and eventual bone collapse. Diagnosis is typically made through imaging studies, such as X-rays and MRIs. Treatment options vary depending on the severity of the disease and may include medication, physical therapy, surgical intervention, and in advanced cases, joint replacement. This article explores the causes, symptoms, diagnostic methods, treatment strategies, and prevention of osteonecrosis, highlighting the importance of early detection and intervention.