Abstract

Pain catastrophizing is a psychological response characterized by an exaggerated negative orientation toward actual or anticipated pain experiences. It is marked by rumination, magnification, and feelings of helplessness. Recent research has established a strong association between pain catastrophizing and the development and maintenance of chronic pain. Individuals who engage in catastrophizing tend to report higher pain intensity, greater disability, increased emotional distress, and poorer outcomes in pain treatment. As a significant predictor of pain chronification, catastrophizing alters pain perception, influences central pain processing, and interferes with adaptive coping strategies. This article explores the concept of pain catastrophizing, its underlying mechanisms, its contribution to the transition from acute to chronic pain, and the therapeutic interventions that can mitigate its impact. Understanding pain catastrophizing is essential for designing comprehensive pain management strategies that incorporate psychological screening and intervention.