Abstract

Pediatric infectious diseases remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, despite advances in vaccination, sanitation, and antimicrobial therapy. Children are uniquely vulnerable to infections due to their developing immune systems and exposure in communal settings. This article reviews common and emerging infectious diseases affecting the pediatric population, including respiratory infections, diarrheal diseases, vaccinepreventable diseases, and antimicrobial resistance. Emphasis is placed on diagnostic advancements, immunization strategies, global health challenges, and the importance of infection prevention practices in clinical and community settings.