Abstract

Plant diseases pose a significant threat to global agricultural productivity, reducing crop yields, diminishing food security, and impacting economic stability. The increasing frequency of disease outbreaks, driven by climate change, monoculture farming, and pathogen evolution, underscores the necessity for effective diseasemanagement strategies. Traditional methods of plant protection, including chemical treatments and cultural practices, have provided short-term solutions but often lead to environmental degradation and pathogen resistance. In response, integrating phytopathology the study of plant diseases with modern plant breeding techniques offers a sustainable pathway for developing disease-resistant crops.