Abstract

Psychoanalysis, a seminal psychological theory introduced by Sigmund Freud, revolutionized the understanding of human behaviour by delving into the depths of the unconscious mind. This article provides an overview of the key concepts, techniques, criticisms, and enduring relevance of psychoanalysis. It explores the foundational elements of the theory, such as the role of the unconscious, psychic structures, defence mechanisms, and developmental stages. The therapeutic techniques of psychoanalysis, including free association, dream analysis, and transference, are highlighted. While psychoanalysis has faced criticism for its empirical challenges and time-intensive nature, it has paved the way for modern psychodynamic therapies. This article concludes that despite the critiques, psychoanalysis's profound impact on psychology, art, literature, and culture endures, as its exploration of hidden motives and unconscious influences continues to enrich our understanding of human complexity.