Abstract

The built environment accounts for a significant proportion of global energy consumption, carbon emissions, and natural resource depletion. As climate change accelerates and urban populations grow, the need for sustainable building technologies has become increasingly urgent. This paper explores the evolution, implementation, and impact of sustainable building technologies, analyzing how they contribute to energy efficiency, environmental protection, and human well-being. Sustainable technologies in construction encompass a wide range of innovations including renewable energy systems, green materials, energy-efficient HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems, smart building management systems, water conservation techniques, and low-impact construction practices. Through a multidisciplinary lens, the study evaluates case studies from various geographical contexts to understand how regional policies, climate conditions, and cultural attitudes influence the adoption of these technologies. It also assesses the economic and social barriers to widespread implementation, such as high upfront costs, lack of skilled labor, and regulatory challenges. The paper highlights the pivotal role of green building certifications and performance assessment tools such as LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design), BREEAM (Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method), and WELL in promoting sustainable construction practices. Finally, the research outlines a strategic roadmap for stakeholders including architects, engineers, policymakers, and developers to accelerate the transition toward environmentally responsible construction. By integrating sustainability into the entire building lifecycle from design and material selection to operation and deconstruction this paper argues that sustainable building technologies are not only feasible but imperative for achieving a low-carbon, resilient future.