Journal of Nutrition Science Research
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  • Research Article   
  • J Nutr Sci Res,

The Female and Male Athlete Triad:Updates, Nutrition Implications, and Screening Tools to Prevent Low Bone Mineral Density

Kim Schwabenbauer*
Department of Human Services, Rehabilitation, Health and Sport Sciences, Clarion University, 840 Wood Street, Clarion, PA, USA
*Corresponding Author : Kim Schwabenbauer, Department of Human Services, Rehabilitation, Health and Sport Sciences, Clarion University, 840 Wood Street, Clarion, PA, USA, Tel: 812 339 1604, Email: kschwabenbauer@clarion.edu

Received Date: Jul 08, 2020 / Accepted Date: Mar 17, 2021 / Published Date: Mar 24, 2021

Abstract

Numerous physiological and psychological benefits are afforded to those who participate in regular physical activity, including long-term protection against diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes, as well as improved bone health and a reduction in anxiety.However, medical issues can arise in both active males and females if proper care is not taken to match energy intake to energy expenditure.Knowledge of how to assess active individuals for the presence of one or more of the triad components is critical for male and female physicians, coaches, athletic trainers.This review article will examine the complex dose-response relationship between reductions in energy availability and the disruption of hormonal responses that negatively impact bone mineral density in exercising males and females.In addition, critical strategies for the prevention, accurate identification, and treatment of the Triad will be discussed.

Keywords: Female An Male Athlete Triad, Female Athlete Triad, Amenorrhea, Bone Mineral Density, Low Energy Availability, Athletes, Physical Activity

Citation: Schwabenbauer K (2021) The Female and Male Athlete Triad:Updates, Nutrition Implications, and Screening Tools to Prevent Low Bone Mineral Density. J Nutr Sci Res 6: 139.

Copyright: © 2021 Schwabenbauer K. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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