Abstract

Biosensors, integrating biological recognition elements with physical transducers, are increasingly pivotal in environmental monitoring, offering rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective detection of pollutants such as heavy metals, pesticides, and pathogens. This article explores their expanding role in assessing environmental quality and their implications for public health analytics. Advances in biosensor design—encompassing electrochemical, optical, and nanomaterial-based platforms—enable real-time monitoring and early warning systems. Results from recent deployments highlight their ability to detect contaminants at trace levels, informing health risk assessments and policy decisions. While challenges like stability and specificity remain, biosensors are reshaping analytical perspectives by bridging environmental and health sciences, enhancing proactive public health strategies.