Abstract

Chronic pain is a complex, multidimensional condition that extends far beyond physical discomfort. Increasing evidence suggests a strong bidirectional relationship between chronic pain and mental health disorders, including depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This interplay contributes to the perpetuation of both pain and psychological distress, often leading to reduced quality of life and complicating treatment strategies. The shared neurobiological mechanisms, such as dysregulation in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and overlapping neural circuits in pain and emotion processing, further substantiate this link. This article explores the psychological and neurological dimensions of chronic pain, highlights the shared pathophysiological pathways, and examines integrated clinical approaches aimed at addressing both chronic pain and comorbid mental health conditions.