Abstract

Valproic acid is a widely used medication for the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder. It exerts its therapeutic effects through various molecular mechanisms, including enhancement of GABAergic neurotransmission, modulation of signaling pathways, and neuroprotective properties. These mechanisms contribute to its efficacy in controlling seizures and stabilizing mood. However, VPA is not without its drawbacks, as it can be associated with hepatotoxicity, gastrointestinal disturbances, weight gain, hair loss, and teratogenicity. This article provides an overview of the molecular and therapeutic potential of VPA, as well as its associated toxicity. It highlights the need for careful monitoring and informed decision-making when prescribing VPA, while also discussing the ongoing research and development of safer derivatives.