Abstract

Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) is a highly lethal infection caused by the Ebola virus, first identified in 1976. The virus is believed to be transmitted from fruit bats to humans and spreads among humans through direct contact with infected bodily fluids. Symptoms range from fever and muscle pain to severe bleeding and organ failure. Early diagnosis is critical for managing outbreaks, with laboratory tests like ELISA and PCR being essential tools. While no specific antiviral treatment is fully approved, supportive care and experimental therapies, including monoclonal antibodies and antivirals, have shown promise. Preventive measures include strict infection control practices and vaccination, notably with the rVSV-ZEBOV vaccine. Major outbreaks, such as the 2014–2016 West Africa outbreaks, highlighted the need for robust global health responses. Continued research, improved healthcare infrastructure, and international cooperation are vital for controlling future outbreaks.

Keywords: Ebola virus disease; Ebola virus; Filoviridae;Transmission; Vaccination; Outbreaks; Global health response; rVSVZEBOVvaccine; Monoclonal antibodies; Public health