ISSN: 2476-2067

Toxicology: Open Access
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  • Research Article   
  • Toxicol: Open Access,
  • DOI: 10.4172/2476-2067.1000140

Toxicological Evaluation of the Median Lethal Concentration (LC50) of Aqueous Extract of Adenium obesum Stem Bark in African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) Juveniles

Muyiwa BO1*, Sambo JS1 and Oniye SO2
1Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
2Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
*Corresponding Author : Muyiwa BO, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, Tel: +234-8050296826, Email: bmuyiwa2571@gmail.com

Received Date: Mar 01, 2019 / Accepted Date: May 03, 2019 / Published Date: May 13, 2019

Abstract

The study evaluate the acute toxicity of aqueous extract of Adenium obesum stem bark to determine the median lethal concentration (LC50) in exposed Clarias gariepinus under laboratory conditions using static non-renewal bioassays over a 96-h exposure with continuous aeration. The fish (N=180, mean weight and length 21.48 ± 3.32 g and 11.37 ± 1.23 cm), were randomly distributed 10 (ten) fish per group in triplicates. There were six (6) experimental groups G1 (Control), G2 (6.5 mg/l), G3 (7.8 mg/l), G4 (8.5 mg/l), G5 (9.5 mg/l) and G6 (11.5 mg/l). Exposed fish showed clinical signs of changed behaviors with adaptive responses, respiratory distress and nervous compromise, including mortality in some of the exposed fish. The clinical signs observed and their severity was concentration and exposure period-dependent. The LC 50 value of 8.38 mg/l was established for the extract in the exposed fish where mean mortality was significantly (p<0.05) concentration and exposure period-dependent. The phytochemical constituents and LC 50 of aqueous extract Adenium obesum stem bark evaluated will assist toxicologists and aquatic researchers in determining the safety concentrations of Adenium obesum in exposed Clarias gariepinus juveniles and aquatic studies.

Keywords: Adenium obesum; Clarias gariepinus ; Toxicity; Median Lethal Concentration; Toxicology

Citation: Muyiwa BO, Sambo JS, Oniye SO (2019) Toxicological Evaluation of The Median Lethal Concentration (LC 50) of Aqueous Extract of Adenium obesum Stem Bark in African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) Juveniles. Toxicol Open Access 5: 140. Doi: 10.4172/2476-2067.1000140

Copyright: © 2019 Muyiwa BO, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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