Abstract

Oral candidiasis, commonly known as thrush, is a fungal infection of the mouth caused by an overgrowth of Candida species, most frequently Candida albicans. This condition can affect individuals of all ages, from infants to the elderly, and can occur due to various predisposing factors such as compromised immune function, antibiotic use, and poor oral hygiene. Oral candidiasis presents with characteristic white lesions on the tongue, gums, and inner cheeks, which may cause discomfort or difficulty in swallowing. This article explores the pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, and treatment options for oral candidiasis. Emphasis is placed on the importance of early recognition and appropriate management to prevent complications and enhance patient outcomes.