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Non Neurological Manifestations in Acute Encephalitis Syndrome in Uttar Pradesh, India
Non neurological features of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) or of Japanese Encephalitis (JE) have been scarcely reported. Objective: To study hematological, hepatic and renal manifestations in patients of JE and compare with non JE. Methods: Patients of AES admitted to hospital were screened for enrolment and testing for an.. Read More
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Ocular Toxoplasmosis: Controversies in Primary and Secondary Prevention
Ocular toxoplasmosis is the most common cause of posterior uveitis in the United States and worldwide. It commonly follows a relapsing course with the potential for multiple adverse visual sequelae and, rarely, blindness. Both immune-competent and immune-suppressed populations can develop severe relapsing disease. There is consi.. Read More
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The generally accepted paradigm of multiple sclerosis is the autoimmune one; still, a body of evidence suggests that this disease may actually be triggered by an infectious factor. In this paper, it is hypothesized that multiple sclerosis may actually be a rare complication of a protozoan infection, which is usually asymptomatic.. Read More
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Natural History of Multiple Giant Cysts in Neurocysticercosis
Teniasis and cysticercosis represent a considerable public health issue and have been estimated to affect more than 50 million people worldwide per year. Neurocysticercosis is the most common parasitic infection of the central nervous system and acquired epilepsy is a frequent manifestation of the disease in developing countries.. Read More
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Neuroimaging studies for persons in the National Collaborative Chicago-Based Congenital Toxoplasmosis Study (NCCCTS) with symptoms and signs referable to the spinal cord were reviewed. Three infants had symptomatic spinal cord lesions, another infant a Chiari malformation, and another infant a symptomatic peri-spinal cord lipoma.. Read More
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The Impact of HIV Coinfection on Cerebral Malaria Pathogenesis
HIV infection is widespread throughout the world and is especially prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. Similarly, Plasmodium falciparum, the most common cause of severe malaria, affects large areas of sub-Saharan Africa, the Indian subcontinent, and Southeast Asia. Although initial studies suggested that HIV and malaria ha.. Read More
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Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is an acute or subacute sporadic encephalitic illness. It has a predilection for the medial temporal lobes, the orbital surface of the frontal lobes, and subcortical structures such as the hippocampus. Sequelae may include seizures and neuropsychological impairment. The present case study involv.. Read More
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Blood and Tissue Leukocyte Apoptosis in Trypanosoma brucei Infected Rats
Severity of disease in human African trypanosomiasis may be linked, as in other human protozoan infections, to apoptosis of host inflammatory cells during infection. The present study investigates the involvement of leukocyte apoptosis in Trypanosoma brucei infection of rodents. Twenty-seven Wistar rats were infected with 1 &tim.. Read More
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Histoplasmosis of the Central Nervous System
Histoplasmosis of the central nervous system (CNS) is not an uncommon complication of Histoplasma capsulatum infection since it occurs in ∼2% to 20% of disseminated cases. CNS histoplasmosis carries a mortality rate that ranges from 11.1% to 100%, and the risk factors for dissemination to the brain have yet to be determined... Read More
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We report a 62-year-old male who presented status post lung transplantation with subcutaneous nodules. One week later, he showed signs of altered mental status; brain imaging demonstrated mass effect in the cerebellum and meningoencephalitis. In spite of treatment with a broad range of antimicrobials, he died. A punch biopsy of .. Read More
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In recent years, an increasing number of Bartonella species have been identified as zoonotic pathogens, transmitted by animal bites, scratches or by arthropods. Although historically the term bartonellosis was attributed to infections with Bartonella bacilliformis, transmitted by sandflies in the Peruvian Andes, a more inclusive.. Read More
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Neurologic Manifestations of Leishmania spp. Infection
When listing common clinical signs of the spectra of Leishmania-derived diseases, neurologic malfunctions are not commonly included. Despite this, there are multiple reported instances both in human and veterinary medicine where neurologic manifestations, whether central or peripheral, are described. In this review, we.. Read More
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The present results demonstrate resistance to HSV-1 in C57Bl6 mice is associated with differential temporal body weight and GSH changes, compared to susceptible 129Sv mouse strain. Strong brain viral load TK and TLR-2 induction in the brain precedes TNF-α, iNOS, IκBα and UCP2 expression in 129Sv mice... Read More
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We determine if peripheral blood sample could be used for diagnosis of cerebral toxoplasmosis by a real-time PCR assay and we analyzed the clinical and laboratory findings in 22 patients with confirmed cerebral toxoplasmosis compared to 27 patients with other neuro-opportunistic infections. We compared two gene targets (B1 a.. Read More
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Difficulties in Diagnostic Staging of Human African Trypanosomiasis
Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), also known as sleeping sickness, continues to be a major hazard to human health in 36 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. One of the most important problems in disease management is the considerable difficulty in distinguishing the early (hemolymphatic) from the late (encephalitic) sta.. Read More
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Cerebral Microsporidiosis Caused by Encephalitozoon cuniculi Infection in a Young Squirrel Monkey
This is a case report of cerebral microsporidiosis found in a young squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) in a colony located in Japan, which probably died of yersiniosis due to Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection. The microsporidia, Encephalitozoon cuniculi, was detected in the brain of the yersiniosis-diseased monkey and was fu.. Read More
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Stroke in Chagas Disease Patients in Ecudaor
Chagas disease is caused by the flagellated par-asite Trypanosoma cruzi. In Ecuador, this disease has been recognized since 1936, with a prevalence of 1.38% in the general population. Between 15 and 30% of infected persons can develop chronic disease with predominance of chronic cardiac and digestive symptoms. Among its majo.. Read More
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One hundred and forty nine indigenous goats slaughtered at the Tete municipal abattoir, Mozambique, and fifty seven goats experimentally infected with Taenia multiceps eggs were inspected to determine the prevalence,predilection sites and morphological characteristic of cysts and scoleces of T. multiceps. The experimentally i.. Read More
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Baylisascaris Procyonis Induced Diffuse Unilateral Subacute Neuroretinitis in New York City
Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN) secondary to raccoon roundworm (Baylisascaris procyonis) infection has been reported in rural and suburban areas of North America and Europe with extant raccoon populations. Here, we present a case of Baylisascaris-induced DUSN from the densely populated borough of Brooklyn in Ne.. Read More
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Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder with an acute or subacute onset, typically of a monophasic nature, which affects multifocal areas of the central nervous system. ADEM is commonly associated with an antecedent or concomitant infection that is usually viral. However, in the last.. Read More
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