Journal of Neuroinfectious Diseases
Open Access

An intracranial tumour, also known as a brain tumour, is an abnormal mass of tissue in which cells proliferate and reproduce rapidly, appearing unaffected by the processes that normally control normal cells. There are more than 150 different types of brain tumours, but the two most common types are primary and metastatic. Primary brain tumours are those that arise from the tissues of the brain. Tumors that start elsewhere in the body and spread to the brain through the circulation are known as metastatic brain tumours. Cancerous tumours that have spread to other parts of the body are known as metastatic tumours. Primary brain tumours are those that arise from the tissues of the brain. Tumors that start elsewhere in the body (such as the breast or lungs) and spread to the brain through the circulation are known as metastatic brain tumours. Cancerous tumours that have spread to other parts of the body are known as metastatic tumours.

The term "metastasis" refers to the spread of cancer. Cancer cells, unlike normal cells, have the ability to spread outside of the body's original location. The newly pathological sites, then, are metastases (mets) [1]. Metastatic cancer is the term used when this happens. Nearly all cancers have the potential to spread, but whether they do so is dependent on a number of specific characteristics. There are three types of metastases: They have the ability to developed. The brain, bones, lungs, and liver are the most common places for cancer to spread. Other organs and glands that may be affected include the adrenal gland, lymph nodes, skin, and other organs. Some cancer cells known as circulating tumor cells acquire the ability to penetrate the walls of lymphatic or blood vessels, after which they are able to circulate through the bloodstream to other sites and tissues in the body [2]. A metastasis can sometimes be discovered without a recognised original malignancy. In this case, a thorough investigation is conducted to locate the primary cancer source. If none can be detected, the situation is classified as cancer of undetermined origin. Cancer that has spread from the essential, or unique, location to other places within the body is for the most part classified as progressed cancer [3]. According to the "seed and soil" theory, it is difficult for cancer cells to survive outside their region of origin, so in order to metastasize they must find a location with similar characteristics [4]. When the cancer has spread as it were to adjacent tissues or lymph hubs, it is called locally progressed cancer. The liver, lungs, lymph hubs and bones are common zones of metastasis. Even when metastatic cancer spreads to a unused area, it is still named after the range of the body where it begun. For case, a individual with breast cancer that has spread to the bones is said to have breast cancer with bone metastases. This hypothesis has been recently utilized to suggest several hypotheses about the life cycle of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and to postulate that the patterns of spread could be better understood through a 'filter and flow' perspective [5]. In the event that a cancer has spread broadly all through the body some time recently it is found and it is obscure precisely where it began, it is called cancer of obscure essential root. Egularly, metastatic cancer requires systemic treatment, or solutions given by mouth or infused into the circulatory system to reach cancer cells all through the body, such as chemotherapy or hormone treatment. Other medications may incorporate immunotherapy, radiation treatment, surgery, or a combination of these. Indeed in case metastatic cancer has ceased reacting to treatment, numerous treatments may offer assistance ease side impacts and progress quality of life. Palliative medicines, which may be the same medicines utilized to treat cancer, point to soothe side effects and side impacts.

References

1. Chiang AC, Massagué J (2008) Molecular basis of metastasis. The New England J Med 359 (26): 2814-23.
2. Maheswaran S, Haber DA ( 2010) Circulating tumor cells: a window into cancer biology and metastasis. Current Opinion in Genetics & Development 20 (1): 96-9. 
3. Metastatic Cancer: Questions and Answers. National Cancer Institute. 2008.
4. Hart IR (1982) Seed and soil' revisited: mechanisms of site-specific metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Reviews 1 (1): 5-16. 
5. Scott J, Kuhn P, Anderson AR (2012) Unifying metastasis-integrating intravasation, circulation and end-organ colonization. Nature Reviews. Cancer 12 (7): 445–6.