Abstract

This research urges greater focus on the numerous layers of social context responsiveness of immune function,including its behavioral elements. Newer research is discovering that illness temporarily affects these same social networks and that some aspects of culture may be able to "get under the skin" to affect inflammatory responses.Psychoneuroimmunology has shown that the quantity and quality of social connections can affect immune responses.In addition to taking into account the effects of structural elements, such as a society's economic, political, andenvironmental landscape, on exposure to infections and subsequent immune responses, the study approach put out here integrates these findings. A comprehensive study of the influences of social circumstances on the patterning of morbidity and death is crucial, as the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed. Such a paradigm is provided by social immunology, which also identifies significant risk factors for immune system dysfunction.