Abstract

Cervical cancer remains a significant global health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where access to preventive care is limited. Early detection is critical for improving survival rates and reducing the burden of this disease. Pap smear testing, a cornerstone of cervical cancer screening, has been instrumental in identifying precancerous lesions and early-stage cancers. Recent advancements in early detection biomarkers have further enhanced diagnostic accuracy, enabling personalized and timely interventions. This article explores the integration of biomarkers and Pap smear testing in cervical cancer diagnosis, detailing methodologies, outcomes, and implications for future healthcare strategies.