Abstract

Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) represent a significant challenge in modern healthcare, affecting millions of patients worldwide. ADRs occur when a drug produces unintended or harmful effects, potentially leading to severe complications or even death. These reactions can arise due to various factors, including drug interactions, patient- specific genetic variations, and underlying health conditions. Despite advances in pharmaceutical research, ADRs continue to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, highlighting the need for improved drug safety monitoring and personalized treatment strategies. This paper explores the nature, causes, and management of ADRs, emphasizing the importance of early detection, reporting systems, and pharmacovigilance practices. Additionally, the role of personalized medicine in minimizing ADR risks and enhancing patient outcomes is discussed. As the complexity of modern pharmacotherapy grows, understanding and addressing ADRs remains crucial for ensuring the safety and efficacy of drug treatments.