Abstract

Pro-inflammatory cytokines are produced, immune cells are activated, and free radicals are produced during inflammation, which is the body’s protective reaction to local damage brought on by numerous inflammatory triggers (such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants). The signalling pathways associated with inflammation are thought to be possible targets for treatment due to the link between inflammation and a number of chronic diseases or disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, cancer, and obesity. Anti-inflammatory medications, including those that can irritate the stomach and have other negative effects, are typically used to treat inflammatory illnesses. As a result, the development of natural items capable of preventing or treating chronic inflammatory disorders is receiving increasing attention. . Inflammatory cells and cytokines produced by tumours are more likely to promote the growth, spread, and immunosuppression of tumours than to result in a powerful anti-tumor response. Malignancies that don’t seem to be caused by inflammation can also have inflammation in the microenvironment. Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is associated with a lower incidence of various malignancies and fatalities, suggesting that inflammation contributes to the development of neoplasms. When this system is engaged, pro-inflammatory cytokines, enzymes involved in the prostaglandin production pathway (like COX-2), angiogenic factors, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and antiapoptotic genes (like Bcl-2) are generated. Carcinogenesis has been associated with pro-inflammatory cytokines such interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-15, and TNF-.