Abstract

Atherosclerosis is a complex and chronic inflammatory disease that affects large and medium-sized arteries, leading to severe cardiovascular complications such as ischemic heart disease, strokes, and peripheral vascular disease collectively known as cardiovascular disease (CVD). This review article provides an overview of atherosclerosis, its pathophysiology, and the role of elevated LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol in its development. Furthermore, it examines the therapeutic options of statins and PCSK9 inhibitors, which have shown significant promise in managing LDL cholesterol levels and reducing major adverse cardiovascular events.