Abstract

Despite the commodity’s dominant role in social, cultural and economic aspects of the world, the world coffee industry is potentially at risk due to the negative impact of climate change on coffee production. Climate change has emerged in recent years as one of the most critical topics. Therefore, the objective of this review is, to review the current impact of climate change and variability on Arabica coffee production and productivity and different climate mitigation and adaptation strategies for coffee production. The already perceived and the future predicted impacts of climate change on coffee production will not only be threat small scale farmers but also all actors involved in coffee industry including consumers. The recurrent climate change affects the diversity of coffee specious, distribution and suitability of production area. It results not only in emergence of new diseases and pests, but also increases the incidence and severity and altitudinal shift of existing diseases and insect pests. Yield, growth, quality and etc are also affected greatly by climate change. Coffee species are under a severe threat of genetic erosion and irreversible loss largely due to climate change. Population numbers could reduce by 50% or more and extent of occurrence is projected to decline by around 30% by 2088. Out of the 124 coffee specious at least 60% of coffee species are threatened with extinction. Climate change will shift the altitude range for coffee to higher elevations over time. Area suitability of coffee is greatly affected by climate change and even 100% reduction at worst scenarios by the year 2080 in some countries. To cope up with such unmanageable proportions reaching climate change possible adaptation and mitigation strategies should be adopted and applied by the growers.

Keywords: Area suitability; Disease; Pest; Diversity; Quality; Yield