Abstract

Optimizing drug performance relies on precise control of pharmaceutical solid forms. Crystal engineering enables manipulation of crystal structures to enhance solubility, stability, and efficacy. Polymorphism, the existence of multiple crystalline forms, critically impacts these properties, necessitating careful selection of the most stable polymorph to ensure consistent drug performance and prevent bioavailability issues. Innovative strategies like pharmaceutical cocrystals and amorphous solid dispersions improve solubility and bioavailability. Additionally, hydrates and solvates influence drug properties through incorporated solvent molecules. Managing these solid forms, including polymorphic transformations, is paramount for consistent quality and therapeutic effectiveness.