Abstract

Emerging infections refer to diseases that have recently appeared in populations or those whose incidence and geographic spread are rapidly expanding. These infections pose significant risks to global health, often leading to economic instability and stressing public health systems. Key drivers of the emergence of infectious diseases include increased human mobility through globalization, climate change, rapid urbanization, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and changes in agricultural practices. Globalization facilitates the swift spread of diseases across borders, while climate change alters the distribution of disease-carrying vectors such as mosquitoes. Urbanization and population growth increase human-wildlife interactions, promoting the emergence of zoonotic diseases that can cross species barriers, such as Ebola. The growing threat of antimicrobial resistance exacerbates the situation, with the overuse of antibiotics giving rise to resistant bacteria like MRSA and multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB).