Abstract

Immunization during the neonatal period is a critical strategy for safeguarding infants against infectious diseases. While the neonatal immune system is immature, certain vaccines have shown promising safety and efficacy profiles when administered shortly after birth. Bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG) and Hepatitis B Vaccine (HBV) are two such examples, demonstrating the feasibility of early-life immunization. This abstract examines the safety and efficacy data surrounding BCG and HBV administration at birth, highlighting their ability to elicit protective neonatal responses. Through the analysis of these antigen-adjuvant combinations, insights into the mechanisms of neonatal immune priming are gained, offering valuable implications for future vaccine development and neonatal healthcare strategies.