Abstract

This compilation examines critical aspects of ecosystem dynamics, stability, and responses to global change. It highlights the necessity of incorporating species interactions in climate prediction models and the fundamental role of trophic cascades in shaping biodiversity [1, 2]. Research emphasizes biodiversity’s enhancement of ecosystem functions, from marine productivity to microbial stability [3, 4]. It explores threats like plastic pollution and climate-induced shifts in forests, alongside marine regime changes, while also connecting ecosystem services to human well-being via frameworks like IPBES [5, 7, 8, 9]. Understanding nutrient cycling drivers, particularly in soil, underpins ecosystem health and resilience against environmental changes [6, 10].